Kutai Martadipura, the first kingdom in Kalimantan (Borneo)

Kutai Martadipura is patterned Hindu kingdom in the archipelago which has the oldest historical evidence. The kingdom was located in Muara Kaman, East Kalimantan, precisely in the Mahakam river upstream. Kutai name is taken. Kutai name given by experts to take from place names found inscriptions indicating the existence of the kingdom. There are no inscriptions that clearly mentions the name of this kingdom, and indeed very little information can be obtained.

The yupa ( inscription )

The information is obtained from Yupa / inscription in the sacrifice that comes from the 4th century. There are seven pieces yupa which became the main source for experts in interpreting the history of the Kingdom of Kutai. From one of these yupa known that the king who ruled the kingdom of Kutai time was Mulawarman. His name is recorded in yupa because of his generosity menyedekahkan 20,000 cows to the Brahmins.

King Mulawarman

Mulawarman are children of Aswawarman and grandchildren of Kundungga . Name Aswawarman and Mulawarman are very thick with the influence of Sanskrit when viewed from the way of writing. Kundungga is the magnifying of the Kingdom of Campa (Cambodia) which came to Indonesia. Kundungga itself allegedly have not embraced Buddhism.

King Aswawarman

Aswawarman is probably the first king who figured Hindu Kingdom of Kutai. He is also known as the founder of the dynasty of the Kingdom of Kutai Wangsakerta so given the title, which means forming a family. Aswawarman has 3 sons, and one of them is Mulawarman.

Son Aswawarman is Mulawarman. From yupa known that during the reign of Mulawarman, Kingdom of Kutai its moment of glory. Territory covering almost the entire region of East Kalimantan. People Kutai prosperous and affluent life.

Socio-economic life of the Kingdom of Kutai

Judging from the location of the kingdom of Kutai in trade and shipping route between the West and East, the trading activity seems to be the main livelihood. People Kutai has been actively involved in international trade and trade of course they also get to the waters of the East Java Sea and Indonesia to look for merchandise that sold well in the International market. Thus, Kutai has included a stopover area of international trade, namely the Straits of Malacca, Java Sea-Makassar Straits-Kutai - China, or vice versa.

Culture & Beliefs Kingdom of Kutai

Kutai community cultural life is closely related to belief / religious affiliation. Yupa is one of the Kutai culture, which is a stone monument which is the ancestral heritage of Indonesia from the Megalithic era, namely the form of menhirs.
One yupa it mentions a sacred place by the name Waprakeswara (place of worship of Lord Shiva). It can be concluded that the community's religious Kutai is Shiva (Hindu).

The ended of this kingdom

Kutai kingdom of ends when the King of Kutai named Maharaja Setia Dharma killed in battle at the hands of King aquatic mammal to-13, Aji Prince Panji Mendapa Anum. Keep in mind that this Kutai (Kutai Martadipura) differs from aquatic mammal kingdom whose capital was first located in Kutai Lama (Cape Kute). Kukar is, in the year 1365, mentioned in the Java literature, Negarakertagama . Kutai Kartanegara further into the Islamic empire called the Sultanate of Kutai Kartanegara (Kesultanan Kutai Kartanegara).
Kingdom of Kutaias if it did not appear again by the outside world because of lack of communication with foreign parties, until very little is heard of him.

The name and culture affect

Name of Maharaja Kundungga interpreted by historians as the original name of the Indonesian people who have not been affected by the name of culture India. Meanwhile, son named Asmawarman alleged to have affected the culture of Hindu. This one is based on the fact that the word comes from the language Sangsekerta. Word 'Warman' is typically used to the last names of people or inhabitants of South India.

Salakanagara, the first kingdom in Javaland

Salakanagara, based on the Manuscript Wangsakerta - Reader Rajyarajya i Bhumi Nusantara (who prepared a committee with its chairman Prince Wangsakerta) are thought to be the earliest kingdoms in the archipelago).

Name experts and historians who proves that the Tatar Banten have historical values that high, among others, is Hussein Djajadiningrat, Tb. H. Achmad Hasan Mu'arif Ambary, Halwany Michrob and others. Many of their findings has been compiled in the writings, reviews or in books. Not to mention the names like John Miksic, Takashi, Atja, Saleh Danasasmita, Yoseph Iskandar, Claude Guillot, Ayatrohaedi, Vishnu Handoko and others who add insight about Banten became more spacious and open with his works made both in Indonesian and English.

Indian descent

Founder Salakanagara, Dewawarman is an ambassador around, traders as well as immigrants from Pallawa, Bharata (India), who eventually settled for marrying the daughter of the local lords, while the founder is Maharesi Jayasingawarman Tarumanagara, refugees from the region Calankayana, Bharata because the area controlled by another kingdom. While Kutai was established by refugees from Magada, Bharata after the area was also dominated by another kingdom.

Early leaders of the ruling here is Aki Tirem. That said, the city is called Argyre by Ptolemy in the year 150, is located in the Gulf region Pepper Pandeglang. Aki is Tirem, prince or ruler of a local village that eventually became law when the daughter of Sang Aki Dewawarman Luhur Mulya named Goddard Pwahaci Lara was married by Dewawarman. This makes all the followers and forces Dewawarman married local women and did not want to go back to his hometown.

When Aki Tirem died, Dewawarman receive the scepter. Year 130 AD he later founded a kingdom with the name Salakanagara (Silver State) capital is Rajatapura. He became the first king with the title of King Darmalokapala Dewawarman Aji Raksa Gapura Sagara. Several small kingdoms around him into his territory, including the Kingdom Agnynusa (Fire District) located on the island of Krakatoa.

Salakanagara Rajatapura is the capital of up to 362 years into the administrative center of the Kings Dewawarman (from Dewawarman I - VIII). Salakanagara stood just over 232 years, precisely from the year 130 AD until 362 AD. King Dewawarman I own only in power for 38 years and replaced by his son who became King Dewawarman II with the title of King Digwijayakasa Dewawarmanputra. King Dharmawirya recorded as King of kings Salakanagara Dewawarman VIII or last until the year 363, because since it Salakanagara has become a kingdom which is under the authority Tarumanagara founded in 358 AD by the sages that come from Calankayana, India named Jayasinghawarman. In the reign of Dewawarman VIII, the economic situation very well populated, prosperous and safe, while the religious life is very harmonious.

The last period of this kingdom

While Jayasinghawarman founder is daughter of King Dewawarman Tarumanagara VIII. He is himself an Indian sages of Calankayana who fled to the archipelago because the area was attacked and conquered the kingdom of Maharaja Samudragupta Maurya.

In later days after Jayasinghawarman establish Tarumanagara, central government to switch from Rajatapura Tarumanagara. Salakanagara then transformed into the Kingdom of the Region.

The order of the King Salakanagara
130-168 M,

• Real name: DEWAWARMAN I
• Royal name: PRABU DARMALOKAPALA AJI RAKSA GAPURA SEGARA
• Description: Traders from Bharata (India)
  

168-195 M,

• Real name: DEWAWARMAN II
• Royal name: PRABU DIGWIJAYAKASA DEWAWARMANPUTRA
• Description: the oldest son of Dewawarman I

195-238 M

• Real name: DEWAWARMAN III
• Royal name: PRABU SINGASAGARA BIMAYASAWIRYA
  
• Description: Son of Dewawarman II

238-252 M

• Real Name: DEWAWARMAN IV
  
• Descripstion: Son in laws of Dewawarman II, King of Ujung Kulon

252-276 M

• Real name: DEWAWARMAN V
  
• Descripstion: Son in laws of Dewawarman IV

276-289 M,

• Real name: MAHISASURAMARDINI WARMANDEWI
  
• Description: oldest daughter of Dewawarman IV & Dewawarman V's wife, because Dewawarman V die against pirates,

289-308 M,

• Real name: DEWAWARMAN VI
  
• Royal name: SANG MOKTENG SAMUDRA
• Description: the oldest son Dewawarman V

308-340 M,

• Real name: DEWAWARMAN VII
  
• Royal name: PRABU BIMA DIGWIJAYA SATYAGANAPATI
• Description: the oldest son Dewawarman VI

340-348 M,

• Real name: SPHATIKARNAWA WARMANDEWI
• Description: the oldest daughter Dewawarman VII

348-362 M,

• Real name: DEWAWARMAN VIII
• Royal name: PRABU DARMAWIRYA DEWAWARMAN
  
• Description: grandson who married Sphatikarnawa Dewawarman VI, the last king Salakanagara

Start Salakanagara 362 M DEWAWARMAN IX has become a subordinate kingdom of Tarumanagara

Timeline of kingdoms in West Java/Banten