Kutai Martadipura, the first kingdom in Kalimantan (Borneo)

Kutai Martadipura is patterned Hindu kingdom in the archipelago which has the oldest historical evidence. The kingdom was located in Muara Kaman, East Kalimantan, precisely in the Mahakam river upstream. Kutai name is taken. Kutai name given by experts to take from place names found inscriptions indicating the existence of the kingdom. There are no inscriptions that clearly mentions the name of this kingdom, and indeed very little information can be obtained.

The yupa ( inscription )

The information is obtained from Yupa / inscription in the sacrifice that comes from the 4th century. There are seven pieces yupa which became the main source for experts in interpreting the history of the Kingdom of Kutai. From one of these yupa known that the king who ruled the kingdom of Kutai time was Mulawarman. His name is recorded in yupa because of his generosity menyedekahkan 20,000 cows to the Brahmins.

King Mulawarman

Mulawarman are children of Aswawarman and grandchildren of Kundungga . Name Aswawarman and Mulawarman are very thick with the influence of Sanskrit when viewed from the way of writing. Kundungga is the magnifying of the Kingdom of Campa (Cambodia) which came to Indonesia. Kundungga itself allegedly have not embraced Buddhism.

King Aswawarman

Aswawarman is probably the first king who figured Hindu Kingdom of Kutai. He is also known as the founder of the dynasty of the Kingdom of Kutai Wangsakerta so given the title, which means forming a family. Aswawarman has 3 sons, and one of them is Mulawarman.

Son Aswawarman is Mulawarman. From yupa known that during the reign of Mulawarman, Kingdom of Kutai its moment of glory. Territory covering almost the entire region of East Kalimantan. People Kutai prosperous and affluent life.

Socio-economic life of the Kingdom of Kutai

Judging from the location of the kingdom of Kutai in trade and shipping route between the West and East, the trading activity seems to be the main livelihood. People Kutai has been actively involved in international trade and trade of course they also get to the waters of the East Java Sea and Indonesia to look for merchandise that sold well in the International market. Thus, Kutai has included a stopover area of international trade, namely the Straits of Malacca, Java Sea-Makassar Straits-Kutai - China, or vice versa.

Culture & Beliefs Kingdom of Kutai

Kutai community cultural life is closely related to belief / religious affiliation. Yupa is one of the Kutai culture, which is a stone monument which is the ancestral heritage of Indonesia from the Megalithic era, namely the form of menhirs.
One yupa it mentions a sacred place by the name Waprakeswara (place of worship of Lord Shiva). It can be concluded that the community's religious Kutai is Shiva (Hindu).

The ended of this kingdom

Kutai kingdom of ends when the King of Kutai named Maharaja Setia Dharma killed in battle at the hands of King aquatic mammal to-13, Aji Prince Panji Mendapa Anum. Keep in mind that this Kutai (Kutai Martadipura) differs from aquatic mammal kingdom whose capital was first located in Kutai Lama (Cape Kute). Kukar is, in the year 1365, mentioned in the Java literature, Negarakertagama . Kutai Kartanegara further into the Islamic empire called the Sultanate of Kutai Kartanegara (Kesultanan Kutai Kartanegara).
Kingdom of Kutaias if it did not appear again by the outside world because of lack of communication with foreign parties, until very little is heard of him.

The name and culture affect

Name of Maharaja Kundungga interpreted by historians as the original name of the Indonesian people who have not been affected by the name of culture India. Meanwhile, son named Asmawarman alleged to have affected the culture of Hindu. This one is based on the fact that the word comes from the language Sangsekerta. Word 'Warman' is typically used to the last names of people or inhabitants of South India.